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AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

  • 1.  AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 28 days ago

    Hello pathology residents & fellows,

    Welcome to the first Resident Council "AMA" (Ask Me Anything) session! For this whole week (8/12-8/18), we are honored to have our celebrity pathologist guest Dr. @Nicole Jackson hosting an AMA on this Pathologists-In-Training Community. Dr. Jackson is the Director of Autopsy and After Death Services at the University of Washington. She is here to answer all of your questions about forensic pathology, or any related topics you are curious about.

    Ask away!



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    Yembur Ahmad, MD
    ASCP Resident Council Chair
    Los Angeles, CA
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  • 2.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 28 days ago

    Hello Dr. Jackson, 

    Good to have you here. Do trainees need to be board certified in FP to do forensic autopsies? I have seen conflicting answers to this question. Thanks.



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    Allen Omo-Ogboi
    Houston TX
    (832)729-9103
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  • 3.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 28 days ago

    Excellent question, Allen!

    To ensure high-quality medicolegal death investigation, forensic autopsy examinations should only be performed by a Board-certified forensic pathologist (or a pathologist-in-training while supervised by a forensic pathologist). In the U.S., the certifying Board should be the American Board of Pathology (ABP).  The National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) outlines this in their 2016 Forensic Autopsy Performance Standards on page 9, and the American Academy of Forensic Sciences outlines this in their 2021 Organizational and Foundational Standard for Medicolegal Death Investigation on page 7. 

    When a death occurs that falls under the jurisdiction of the local Medical Examiner or Coroner, they are commonly categorized as an "apparent" accident, natural, homicide, or suicide death. The reason for this is that things might come to light during an autopsy that can change the manner of death from natural to accident, suicide, or homicide or from an accident to a homicide. If the individual performing the autopsy is not trained to detect clues that might indicate a non-natural death, as is learned during a forensic pathology fellowship, a potential accident, suicide, or homicide might be missed. 

    There is a current shortage of forensic pathologists in America, and some offices have opted to use non-forensic pathologists to fill in the gaps. They often assign the apparent natural or accidental deaths to non-forensic pathologists. However, this runs the risk of missing something important or evidentiary value. Many stories have made the news where someone other than a forensic pathologist was performing an autopsy they were not qualified to do that ended up going to trial, and they missed something important, which can have grave consequences for either the accused or the grieving family, as well as tarnish the reputation of the person performing the autopsy. Here is one such example

    The good news is that plenty of training positions and jobs are available nationwide, and salaries are increasing annually!



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    Nicole Jackson Staff Pathologist
    UW Medicine
    Seattle WA
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  • 4.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 27 days ago

    Thank you so much for this extensive explanation. It all makes sense now. 



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    Allen Omo-Ogboi
    Houston TX
    (832)729-9103
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  • 5.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 28 days ago

    Thank you for sharing your expertise with us Dr. Jackson!

    1. What are your suggestions for residents who are interested in a FP fellowship but their home institution doesn't have many opportunities for exposure?
    2. What are things residents should look for in a program when applying to a FP fellowship?
    3. Do you have suggestions for resources residents can use to help medical students get involved or interested in forensic pathology?


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    Mayumi Fernandez Resident in Pathology
    Univ of Hawaii Pathology Program
    Honolulu HI
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  • 6.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 27 days ago

    Thank you for the questions, Mayumi!

    In response...

    1. Hawaii is tricky because it is so isolated (as you know)! I would try to find some scholarly work in autopsy pathology relevant to the forensic pathology community and then submit an abstract to either the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) or the American Academy of Forensic Science (AAFS) Annual Meeting. A case or case series of an unusual or atypical death would work. If you are selected to present, then that is an excellent way to meet people and network. What is nice about this virtual world we live in is that if you can't find a project locally, you might be able to reach out to forensic pathologists conducting research in areas you are interested in - they might have a project for you to virtually contribute to!
    2. I always recommend applying broadly and then ranking based on fit over reputation. Any fellowship year is a challenging year, and you want to be in a place where you feel supported and where you feel you can show up as your full self. For some people, that means being in a location close to family and/or friends. For others, that means an office with a more relaxed dress code. Aside from fit, I am a strong proponent of selecting a training program that will give you a solid, broad base for your future practice. You want to be comfortable with simple to complex homicides across a range of modalities (e.g., gunshot wounds, sharp force injury, blunt force injury, etc). Similarly, you want to be comfortable working up deaths across a range of accidents (e.g. hypothermia, hyperthermia, motor vehicle crashes, falls from heights, etc). When I made my list of places to apply, I went with a mix based on programs Forensic Pathologists recommended versus told me to steer clear of. I wound up applying to a broad range of places and landed at the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator - a decision I do not regret. It is a nice mix of urban and rural deaths, weird atypical deaths (pig bites, dog maulings), and then standard deaths everyone sees plus they have nice facilities and are the leaders in postmortem imaging, which I believe is the wave of the future in forensics.
      1. NAME has a database of FP fellowships
    3. Sharing some links for resources:
      1. NAME membership is free for trainees - I highly recommend joining if you are not already a member.
      2. NAME has a recurring free webinar series for trainees - find out more here.
      3. The ASCP recently created a Resident Forensic Rotation Award of $6000 to allow trainees to rotate in different forensic pathology settings - an opportunity worth looking into!
      4. Twitter/X and Instagram: A small number of forensic pathologists use these social media platforms to post educational content and opportunities-follow us!
      5. Take a look at some FP-specific resources on my website.

    I will add that I applied to fellowship without having conducted any research in forensics (I did have a simple autopsy case report) or having any contacts in forensics outside of the people who trained me in New Orleans, which I think is part of what forensic pathology training nice - a lot of us are coming in on relatively equal footing. Learn all you can in residency, as that will be your base to become a strong forensic pathologist, and then come to fellowship ready and eager to learn!



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    Nicole Jackson Staff Pathologist
    UW Medicine
    Seattle WA
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  • 7.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 27 days ago

    Hi Dr. Jackson, 

    Thank you so much for giving us the opportunity to ask you questions this week! It is clear you are a leader in your field, and my impression (from X and other social media platforms) is that you inspire many young people to become leaders themselves. In particular, you inspire those coming from populations currently underrepresented in medicine and this work is paramount because it helps address the current health inequities we face in the US. We need more leaders like you! 

    I have one question. What do you believe is the biggest contributor to health inequality in the US and how can we, as pathologists, help address this problem?

    PS I rotated through the King County ME office back in 2018 when I was a med student -- I must have just missed you! 

    -Savanah 



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    Savanah Gisriel Resident in Pathology
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  • 8.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 27 days ago

    Thank you for those kind words and this deep question!

    I often say that forensic pathologists are the doctors of many people whose systems fatally failed them, whether regarding access to quality healthcare or food, safe environments and stable housing, or our carceral system. To me, the biggest contributor to health inequality in the US is the capitalistic society we live in. So much of our life and health are determined by the ZIP code where we are born, our socioeconomic status, and our physical traits, with relatively minimal room for upward mobility for most people, leaving many relatively "stuck" at the level they are born at or enter this country at.  

    So, as pathologists, what can we do to address this pressing issue of health inequality? First, being good, honest, and objective in your work as a forensic pathologist is key. Our work, the way we sign peoples' death certificates, is important. Causes of death are coded, and this information feeds public health systems and public policy work and can help create accountability. So, simply doing your job well and providing accurate statistics is helping to appropriately represent the burden of health inequalities. Second, if there is interest, you can use your career and platform to advocate for whatever cause(s) you feel drawn to.

    Something we all can do, especially this year, is vote. Your vote can make a significant difference in addressing health inequality. Vote as if your life and the lives of everyone you serve through your work depend on it because it matters this election year more than any others. 

    And yes, you missed me by a few years - I was there from the tail end of 2021 until mid-2023!



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    Nicole Jackson Staff Pathologist
    UW Medicine
    Seattle WA
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  • 9.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 26 days ago

    Thank you for taking the time to do this AMA, Dr. Jackson. As a CP only resident, I know I missed out on the wonderful field of Forensic Pathology. A question I often get asked by medical students is about the emotional toll that your work takes on you. How do you navigate the emotional demands of your work while maintaining professional objectivity?



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    Sri Kavuri
    University of Texas Medical Branch
    Galveston TX
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  • 10.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 26 days ago

    That's a really good and important question!

    To some extent, just like every specialty and job, what we see and do daily becomes routine. Overall, the cases and the stories are interesting and keep you on your toes and fresh. Once inside the body, the organs are more or less similar, and you start methodically and academically assessing the presence and extent of disease and/or injury. At that point, you typically forget about the individual and their story.

    However, you inevitably encounter devastating and psychologically taxing cases. This is where your support systems and decompression strategies are key. Support systems include partners, friends, families, religious groups, etc. Decompression strategies include physical activity (running, swimming, dancing, etc.), expressive activities (writing, drawing, music, cooking, etc.), and reflection (prayer, meditation, journaling). I personally think doing all 3 is key, and it takes time to find the right balance for yourself. A good therapist goes a long way for everyone, particularly in this specialty. For some, research is a way of releasing some of the stress that comes with the job. For others, people turn to advocacy.



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    Nicole Jackson Staff Pathologist
    UW Medicine
    Seattle WA
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  • 11.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 24 days ago

    Thank you so much for your thoughtful response, Dr. Jackson. And thank you for reminding us all to vote! That is so important! 

    -Savanah 



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    Savanah Gisriel Resident in Pathology
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  • 12.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 24 days ago

    Hi Dr. Jackson, we are so happy to hear from you!

    I have one question, in your experience as a forensic pathologist, what emerging trends or technologies do you believe will most significantly impact the field in the coming years, and how can professionals in forensic pathology best stay ahead of these changes?



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    Breann Zeches Student
    Greenville NC
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  • 13.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 24 days ago

    While it has been around for a while now, I think advances in postmortem imaging, specifically CT scans, are the wave of the future. A relatively small percentage of offices have and regularly utilize them. With increasing caseloads driven largely by the drug epidemic, postmortem CTs are a way to help triage cases and safely convert some full autopsies to external examinations, which helps offices move through their caseloads and saves on the wear and tear of technicians and pathologists. 



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    Nicole Jackson Staff Pathologist
    UW Medicine
    Seattle WA
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  • 14.  RE: AMA: Dr. Nicole Jackson

    Posted 4 days ago

    Thank you so much for answering all our questions, Dr. Jackson. We really appreciate you taking the time to share your experiences with us. 

    Residents, stay tuned for our next AMA session!



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    Savanah Gisriel Resident in Pathology
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